zinc64 is a Commodore 64 emulator toolkit "with batteries included but swappable". It is designed to be used as a standalone emulator or a library used to build new emulators. The design philosophy allows for each component to be swapped out and replaced by different implementation. Therefore, special considerations were made to model interactions between chips without coupling them together.
It implements MOS 6510 CPU, MOS 6526 CIA, MOS 6581 SID, MOS 6567/6569 VIC chipset as well as various devices and peripherals available with C64.
zinc64 was started as an exercise to learn Rust and explore Commodore 64 hardware in more detail. Somewhere around mid 2016 I needed to feed my 8-bit nostalgia so I picked up a working Commodore 64 (physical version) and started to assemble various accessories required to get software onto it. Soon enough I had picked up a copy of C64 Programmer's Reference Guide and the rest is now history.
The emulator components may be swapped out by providing custom core::ChipFactory trait implementation. The default implementation of the core::ChipFactory trait is done through system::C64Factory. The chip factory object is passed into system::C64 component that provides core emulator functionality.
Here is an example how these components are used together:
let config = Rc::new(Config::new(SystemModel::from("pal")));
let chip_factory = Box::new(C64Factory::new(config.clone()));
let mut c64 = C64::new(config.clone(), chip_factory).unwrap();
c64.reset(true);
The four core traits used to model system operation are Chip, Cpu, Mmu and Addressable. A Chip trait represents a system component that is driven by clock signal.
pub trait Chip {
/// The core method of the chip, emulates one clock cycle of the chip.
fn clock(&mut self);
/// Process delta cycles at once.
fn clock_delta(&mut self, delta: u32);
/// Handle vsync event.
fn process_vsync(&mut self);
/// Handle reset signal.
fn reset(&mut self);
// I/O
/// Read value from the specified register.
fn read(&mut self, reg: u8) -> u8;
/// Write value to the specified register.
fn write(&mut self, reg: u8, value: u8);
}
Since all system components with the exception of Cpu and Mmu implement Chip trait, interactions between chips and other components are limited to and handled through shared I/O lines/pins that are provided to chip constructors. This allows implementation of chips to be decoupled from each other.
| Class | Component | Status | |----------|---------------|-------------| | Chipset | 6510 CPU | Done | Chipset | Memory | Done | Chipset | 6526 CIA | Done | Chipset | 6581 SID | Done | Chipset | 6567 VIC | Done | Device | Cartridge | Done | Device | Floppy | Not Started | Device | Datassette | Done | Device | Keyboard | Done | Device | Joystick | Done | Debugger | Remote | Done | Debugger | Radare2 | Done | Format | Bin | Done | Format | Crt | Done | Format | D64 | Not Started | Format | P00 | Done | Format | Prg | Done | Format | Tap | Done | Format | T64 | Not Started
Install Rust compiler or follow steps @ https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/install.html.
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
Clone this repository.
git clone https://github.com/digitalstreamio/zinc64
or download as zip archive
https://github.com/digitalstreamio/zinc64/archive/master.zip
Build the emulator.
cd zinc64
cargo build --release --all
Run the emulator.
./target/release/zinc64-sdl
or start a program
./target/release/zinc64-sdl --autostart path
Install Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools 2017. Select Visual C++ build tools workload.
Install SDL2 Development Libraries.
Copy all SDL2 lib files from
SDL2-devel-2.0.x-VC\SDL2-2.0.x\lib\x64\
to
C:\Users\{Your Username}\.rustup\toolchains\stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\lib\rustlib\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\lib
Copy SDL2.dll from
SDL2-devel-2.0.x-VC\SDL2-2.0.x\lib\x64\
to zinc64 project directory
To start the debugger, run the emulator with '-d' or '--debug' option. Optionally, you can specify '--debugaddress' to bind to a specific address.
./target/release/zinc64-sdl --debug
To connect to the debugger, telnet to the address and port used by the debugger.
telnet localhost 9999
Debugger commands and syntax are modeled after Vice emulator. To see a list of available commands, type in the debugging session:
help
or to get help on a specific command:
help <command>
Initial support for radare2 has been merged in version 0.3. To start the emulator with RAP server support, run
./target/release/zinc64-sdl --rap 127.0.0.1:9999
and connect with
radare2 -a 6502 -d rap://localhost:9999/1
I've included a number of examples from Kick Assembler that I've used to test various components of the emulator. They can be found in the bin folder of this repository and started with the emulator's autostart option.
./target/release/zinc64-sdl --autostart bin/SineAndGraphics.prg
| Program | Status | |--------------------------|---------| | 6502functionaltest.bin | Pass | | FloydSteinberg.prg | Pass | | KoalaShower.prg | Pass | | Message.prg | Pass | | MusicIrq.prg | Pass | | Scroll.prg | Pass | | SID_Player.prg | Pass | | SimpleSplits.prg | Fails | | SineAndGraphics.prg | Pass |
The cpu validation was performed with the help of Klaus2m5 functional tests for the 6502 processor
./target/release/zinc64-sdl --binary bin/6502_functional_test.bin --offset=1024 --console --loglevel trace
| Shortcut | Function | |-----------|-------------------| | Alt-Enter | Toggle Full Screen | Alt-F9 | Reset | Alt-H | Activate Debugger | Alt-M | Toggle Mute | Alt-P | Toggle Pause | Alt-Q | Quit | Alt-W | Warp Mode | Ctrl-F1 | Tape Play/Stop | NumPad-2 | Joystick Bottom | NumPad-4 | Joystick Left | NumPad-5 | Joystick Fire | NumPad-6 | Joystick Right | NumPad-8 | Joystick Top