timelag — creating time lagged data series

This crate provides lag_matrix and related functions to create time-lagged versions of time series. Support for ndarray's Array1 and Array2 traits is available via the ndarray crate feature.

Examples

For singular time series:

```rust use timelag::lag_matrix;

fn singular_series() { let data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0];

// Using infinity for padding because NaN doesn't equal itself.
let lag = f64::INFINITY;
let padding = f64::INFINITY;

// Create three lagged versions.
// Use a stride of 5 for the rows, i.e. pad with one extra entry.
let lagged = lag_matrix(&data, 3, lag, 5).unwrap();

assert_eq!(
    lagged,
    &[
        1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, padding, // original data
        lag, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, padding, // first lag
        lag, lag, 1.0, 2.0, padding, // second lag
        lag, lag, lag, 1.0, padding, // third lag
    ]
);

} ```

For matrices with time series along their rows:

```rust use timelag::{lagmatrix2d, MatrixLayout};

fn matrix_rows() { let data = [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, -1.0, -2.0, -3.0, -4.0 ];

// Using infinity for padding because NaN doesn't equal itself.
let lag = f64::INFINITY;
let padding = f64::INFINITY;

let lagged = lag_matrix_2d(&data, MatrixLayout::RowWise(4), 3, lag, 5).unwrap();

assert_eq!(
    lagged,
    &[
         1.0,  2.0,  3.0,  4.0, padding, // original data
        -1.0, -2.0, -3.0, -4.0, padding,
         lag,  1.0,  2.0,  3.0, padding, // first lag
         lag, -1.0, -2.0, -3.0, padding,
         lag,  lag,  1.0,  2.0, padding, // second lag
         lag,  lag, -1.0, -2.0, padding,
         lag,  lag,  lag,  1.0, padding, // third lag
         lag,  lag,  lag, -1.0, padding,
    ]
);

} ```

For matrices with time series along their columns:

```rust use timelag::{lagmatrix2d, MatrixLayout};

fn matrix_columns() { let data = [ 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, 3.0, -3.0, 4.0, -4.0 ];

// Using infinity for padding because NaN doesn't equal itself.
let lag = f64::INFINITY;
let padding = f64::INFINITY;

// Example row stride of nine: 2 time series × (1 original + 3 lags) + 1 extra padding.
let lagged = lag_matrix_2d(&data, MatrixLayout::ColumnWise(4), 3, lag, 9).unwrap();

assert_eq!(
    lagged,
    &[
    //   original
    //   |-----|    first lag
    //   |     |     |-----|    second lag
    //   |     |     |     |     |-----|    third lag
    //   |     |     |     |     |     |     |-----|
    //   ↓     ↓     ↓     ↓     ↓     ↓     ↓     ↓
        1.0, -1.0,  lag,  lag,  lag,  lag,  lag,  lag, padding,
        2.0, -2.0,  1.0, -1.0,  lag,  lag,  lag,  lag, padding,
        3.0, -3.0,  2.0, -2.0,  1.0, -1.0,  lag,  lag, padding,
        4.0, -4.0,  3.0, -3.0,  2.0, -2.0,  1.0, -1.0, padding
    ]
);

} ```