sRGB primitives and constants

A lightweight crate providing functions and constants used in sRGB colour space. Specifically gamma correction, D65 definition, XYZ conversion functions and constants and Rec.709 encoding and decoding routines.

The crate intents to provide low-level primitives needed to work with sRGB colour space. Those primitives can be used by other libraries which need to convert between sRGB and other colour spaces (if the conversion requires going through XYZ colour space) or blend colours together (which requires performing gamma correction).

Usage

Using this package with Cargo projects is as simple as adding a single dependency:

toml [dependencies] srgb = "0.1"

With that dependency in place, it’s now simple to write an application which converts an sRGB colour into other colour spaces:

```

[derive(Debug)]

struct RGB(u8, u8, u8);

impl RGB { fn parse(value: &str) -> Option { value.stripprefix('#') .andthen(|v| (v.len() == 6 && !v.startswith('+')).then(|| v)) .andthen(|v| u32::fromstrradix(v, 16).ok()) .map(|v| Self((v >> 16) as u8, (v >> 8) as u8, v as u8)) }

fn normalise(&self) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
    let [r, g, b] = srgb::normalised_from_u8([self.0, self.1, self.2]);
    (r, g, b)
    // Alternatively divide each component by 255 manually
}

fn expand_gamma(&self) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
    (
        srgb::gamma::expand_u8(self.0),
        srgb::gamma::expand_u8(self.1),
        srgb::gamma::expand_u8(self.2),
    )
    // Alternatively a convenience function is provided as well:
    // let [r, g, b] = srgb::linear_from_u8([self.0, self.1, self.2]);
    // (r, g, b)
}

fn to_xyz(&self) -> (f32, f32, f32) {
    let linear = srgb::linear_from_u8([self.0, self.1, self.2]);
    let [r, g, b] = srgb::xyz_from_linear(linear);
    (r, g, b)
    // Alternatively, if a custom matrix multiplication is available:
    // let [r, g, b] = matrix_product(
    //     srgb::xyz::XYZ_FROM_SRGB_MATRIX, linear);
}

}

fn main() { for arg in std::env::args().intoiter().skip(1) { if let Some(rgb) = RGB::parse(&arg[..]) { println!("sRGB: {:?}", rgb); println!("Normalised: {:?}", rgb.normalise()); println!("Linear: {:?}", rgb.expandgamma()); println!("XYZ: {:?}", rgb.to_xyz()); } else { eprintln!("expected ‘#rrggbb’ but got {}", arg); } } } ```

Features

The crate defines two optional features:

no-fma

When enabled, the code will not use a fused multiply-add operation. This may affect performance and precision of the code, however not using it results in more reproducible and well-defined floating point arithmetic.

That is, while FMA improves precision of the calculation, it does that by not adhering to strict rules of floating point maths. According to them, an a * b + c expression should result in rounding after multiplication and then after addition. Because the two operations are fused the middle rounding doesn’t happen. Unless you care about such rules, you probably don’t want this feature enabled.

Note that even if this feature is not enabled, that does not mean fused multiply-add instruction will be used. Depending on processor the crate is built for, the code may choose a faster implementation of matrix multiplication which does not use fused multiply-add operation. To make that happen, enable prefer-fma.

prefer-fma

When enabled, the code will use a fused multiply-add operation whenever possible. This will disable some potential performance optimisations which use SIMD instructions in favour of using fused multiply-add operation. See notes about no-fma above for discussion of how FMA impacts precision of the calculations.

Note that no-fma and prefer-fma are mutually exclusive