rust
use indxvec::{MinMax,here,tof64,printing::*,Indices,Vecops,Mutops,Printing};
This crate is lightweight and has no dependencies. The methods of all four traits can be functionally chained together to achieve numerous manipulations of vectors and their indices in compact form.
The facilities provided are:
to_plainstr()pvec()wvec(&mut f)here!() for more informative errors reportingIt is highly recommended to read and run tests/tests.rs to learn from examples of usage. Use a single thread to run them. It may be a bit slower but it will write the results in the right order:
bash
cargo test --release -- --test-threads=1 --nocapture --color always
rust
use indxvec::{MinMax,here,tof64};
Minmax is holds minimum and maximum values of a Vec and their indices. here!() is a macro giving the filename, line number and function name of the place from where it was invoked. It can be interpolated into any error/tracing messages and reports. pub fn tof64<T>(s: &[T]) -> Vec<f64>... utility that converts generic (numeric) Vecs to Vec<f64>.Indicesrust
use indxvec::{Indices};
The methods of this trait are implemented for slices of subscripts, i.e. they take the type &[usize] as input (self) and produce new index Vec<usize>, new data vector Vec<T> or Vec<f64>, or other results, as appropriate. Please see the Glossary below for descriptions of the indices and operations on them.
rust
/// Methods to manipulate indices of `Vec<usize>` type.
pub trait Indices {
/// Reverse an index slice by simple reverse iteration.
fn revindex(self) -> Vec<usize>;
/// Invert an index - turns a sort index into rank index and vice-versa
fn invindex(self) -> Vec<usize>;
/// Complement of an index - reverses the ranking order
fn complindex(self) -> Vec<usize>;
/// Collect values from `v` in the order of index in self. Or opposite order.
fn unindex<T: Copy>(self, v:&[T], ascending:bool) -> Vec<T>;
/// Collects values from v, as f64s, in the order given by self index.
fn unindexf64<T: Copy>(self, v:&[T], ascending: bool) -> Vec<f64>
where f64:From<T>;
/// Pearson's correlation coefficient of two slices, typically ranks.
fn ucorrelation(self, v: &[usize]) -> f64;
/// Potentially useful clone-recast of &[usize] to Vec<f64>
fn indx_to_f64 (self) -> Vec<f64>;
}
rust
use indxvec::{Vecops};
The methods of this trait are applicable to all generic slices &[T] (the data). Thus they will work on all Rust primitive numeric end types, such as f64. They can also work on slices holding any arbitrarily complex end type T, as long as the required traits, PartialOrd and/or Copy, are implemented for T.
``rust
/// Methods to manipulate generic Vecs and slices of type&[T]`
pub trait Vecops
/// Maximum value in self
fn maxt(self) -> T where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Minimum value in self
fn mint(self) -> T where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Minimum and maximum values in self
fn minmaxt(self) -> (T, T) where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Returns MinMax{min, minindex, max, maxindex}
fn minmax(self) -> MinMax<T> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// MinMax of n items starting at subscript i
fn minmax_slice(self,i:usize, n:usize) -> MinMax<T> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// MinMax of a subset of self, defined by its idx subslice between i,i+n.
fn minmax_indexed(self, idx:&[usize], i:usize, n:usize) -> MinMax<T>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Reversed copy of self
fn revs(self) -> Vec<T> where T: Copy;
/// Repeated items removed
fn sansrepeat(self) -> Vec<T> where T: PartialEq+Copy;
/// Some(subscript) of the first occurence of m, or None
fn member(self, m: T) -> Option<usize> where T: PartialEq+Copy;
/// Binary search for the subscript of the first occurence of val
fn memsearch(self, val: T) -> Option<usize> where T: PartialOrd;
/// Binary search for the subscript of the last occurence of val
fn memsearchdesc(self, val: T) -> Option<usize> where T:PartialOrd;
/// Binary search for val via ascending sort index i,
/// returns subscript of val
fn memsearch_indexed(self, i: &[usize], val: T) -> Option<usize>
where T:PartialOrd;
/// Backwards binary search for val via descending sort index i,
/// returns subscript of val
fn memsearchdesc_indexed(self, i: &[usize], val: T) -> Option<usize>
where T: PartialOrd;
/// Binary search of an explicitly sorted list in ascending order.
/// Returns subscript of the first item that is greater than val.
/// When none are greater, returns s.len()
fn binsearch(self, val: T) -> usize where T: PartialOrd;
/// Binary search of an explicitly sorted list in descending order.
/// Returns subscript of the first item that is smaller than val.
/// When none are smaller, returns s.len()
fn binsearchdesc(self, val: T) -> usize where T: PartialOrd;
/// Binary search of an index sorted list in ascending order.
/// Returns subscript of the first item that is greater than val.
fn binsearch_indexed(self, i:&[usize], val: T) -> usize where T: PartialOrd;
/// Binary search of an index sorted list in descending order.
/// Returns subscript of the first item that is smaller than val
/// (in descending order).
fn binsearchdesc_indexed(self, i:&[usize], val: T) -> usize where T: PartialOrd;
/// Counts occurrences of val by simple linear search of an unordered set
fn occurs(self, val:T) -> usize where T: PartialOrd;
/// Efficiently counts number of occurences from ascending and descending sorts
fn occurs_multiple(self, sdesc: &[T], val: T) -> usize
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Unites (concatenates) two unsorted slices.
/// For union of sorted slices, use `merge`
fn unite_unsorted(self, v: &[T]) -> Vec<T> where T: Clone;
/// Unites two ascending index-sorted slices.
fn unite_indexed(self, ix1: &[usize], v2: &[T], ix2: &[usize]) -> Vec<T>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Intersects two ascending explicitly sorted generic vectors.
fn intersect(self, v2: &[T]) -> Vec<T> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Intersects two ascending index sorted vectors.
fn intersect_indexed(self, ix1: &[usize], v2: &[T], ix2: &[usize]) -> Vec<T>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Removes items of sorted v2 from sorted self.
fn diff(self, v2: &[T]) -> Vec<T> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Removes items of v2 from self using their sort indices.
fn diff_indexed(self, ix1: &[usize], v2: &[T], ix2: &[usize]) -> Vec<T>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Divides an unordered set into three:
/// items smaller than pivot, equal, and greater
fn partition(self, pivot:T) -> (Vec<T>, Vec<T>, Vec<T>)
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Divides an unordered set into three by the pivot.
/// The results are subscripts to self.
fn partition_indexed(self, pivot: T) -> (Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>)
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Merges (unites) two sorted sets, result is also sorted
fn merge(self, v2: &[T]) -> Vec<T> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Merges (unites) two sets, using their sort indices,
/// giving also the resulting sort index.
fn merge_indexed(self,idx1:&[usize],v2:&[T],idx2:&[usize])->(Vec<T>,Vec<usize>)
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Used by `merge_indexed`
fn merge_indices(self, idx1: &[usize], idx2: &[usize]) -> Vec<usize>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Stable Merge sort main method, giving sort index
fn mergesort_indexed(self) -> Vec<usize> where T:PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Utility used by mergesort_indexed
fn mergesortslice(self, i: usize, n: usize) -> Vec<usize>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Stable Merge sort, explicitly sorted result obtained via mergesort_indexed
fn sortm(self, ascending: bool) -> Vec<T> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Rank index obtained via mergesort_indexed
fn rank(self, ascending: bool) -> Vec<usize> where T: PartialOrd+Copy;
/// Utility, swaps any two items into ascending order
fn isorttwo(self, idx: &mut[usize], i0: usize, i1: usize) -> bool
where T:PartialOrd;
/// Utility, sorts any three items into ascending order
fn isortthree(self, idx: &mut[usize], i0: usize, i1:usize, i2:usize)
where T: PartialOrd;
/// Stable Hash sort
fn hashsort_indexed(self) -> Vec<usize>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy, f64:From<T>;
/// Utility used by hashsort_indexed
fn hashsortslice(self, idx: &mut[usize], i: usize, n: usize, min:T, max:T)
where T: PartialOrd+Copy, f64:From<T>;
/// Immutable hash sort. Returns new sorted data vector (ascending or descending)
fn sorth(self, ascending: bool) -> Vec<T>
where T: PartialOrd+Copy,f64:From<T>;
} ```
rust
use indxvec::{Mutops};
This trait contains muthashsort, which overwrites self with sorted data. When we do not need to keep the original order, this is the most efficient way to sort.
Nota bene: muthashsort really wins on longer Vecs. For about one thousand items upwards, it is on average about 25%-30% faster than the default Rust (Quicksort) sort_unstable.
rust
pub trait Mutsops<T> {
/// mutable reversal
fn mutrevs(self);
/// utility that mutably swaps two indexed items into ascending order
fn mutsorttwo(self, i0:usize, i1:usize) -> bool
where T: PartialOrd;
/// utility that mutably bubble sorts three indexed items into ascending order
fn mutsortthree(self, i0:usize, i1:usize, i2:usize)
where T: PartialOrd;
/// Possibly the fastest sort for long lists. Wrapper for `muthashsortslice`.
fn muthashsort(self, min:f64, max:f64)
where T: PartialOrd+Copy, f64:From<T>;
/// Sorts n items from i in self. Used by muthashsort.
fn muthashsortslice(self, i:usize, n:usize, min:f64, max:f64)
where T: PartialOrd+Copy, f64:From<T>;
}
Printingrust
use indxvec::Printing; // the trait methods
use indxvec::printing::*; // the colour constants
This trait provides utility methods to 'stringify' (serialise) generic slices and slices of Vecs. Also, methods for writing or printing them. Optionally, it enables printing them in bold ANSI terminal colours for adding emphasis. See tests/tests.rs for examples of usage.
```rust
pub trait Printing
/// Methods to serialize and render the resulting string
/// in bold ANSI terminal colours.
fn rd(self) -> String where Self: Sized {
format!("{RD}{}{UN}",self.to_str()) }
fn gr(self) -> String where Self: Sized {
format!("{GR}{}{UN}",self.to_str()) }
fn yl(self) -> String where Self: Sized {
format!("{YL}{}{UN}",self.to_str()) }
fn bl(self) -> String where Self: Sized {
format!("{BL}{}{UN}",self.to_str()) }
fn mg(self) -> String where Self: Sized {
format!("{MG}{}{UN}",self.to_str()) }
fn cy(self) -> String where Self: Sized {
format!("{CY}{}{UN}",self.to_str()) }
/// Method to write vector(s) to file f (without brackets).
/// Passes up io errors
fn wvec(self,f:&mut File) -> Result<(), io::Error> where Self: Sized {
Ok(write!(*f,"{} ", self.to_plainstr())?)
}
/// Method to print vector(s) to stdout (without brackets).
fn pvec(self) where Self: Sized {
print!("{} ", self.to_plainstr())
}
/// Method to serialize generic items, slices, and slices of Vecs.
/// Adds square brackets around Vecs (prettier lists).
/// Implementation code is in `printing.rs`.
fn to_str(self) -> String;
/// Method to serialize generic items, slices, and slices of Vecs.
/// Implementation code is in `printing.rs`.
fn to_plainstr(self) -> String;
} ```
The methods of this trait are implemented for generic individual items T, for slices &[T] for slices of slices &[&[T]] and for slices of vecs &[Vec<T>]. Note that these types are normally unprintable in Rust (do not have Display implemented).
The following methods: .to_plainstr, .to_str(), .gr(), .rd(), .yl() .bl(), .mg(), .cy() convert all these types to printable strings. The colouring methods just add the relevant colouring to the formatted output of .to_str().
fn wvec(self,f:&mut File) -> Result<(), io::Error> where Self: Sized;
writes plain space separated values (.ssv) to files, possibly raising io::Error(s).
fn pvec(self) where Self: Sized;
prints to stdout.
For finer control of the colouring, import the colour constants from module printing and use them in any formatting strings manually. For example,
switching colours:
rust
use indxvec::printing::*; // ANSI colours constants
println!("{GR}green text, {RD}red warning, {BL}feeling blue{UN}");
Note that all of these methods and interpolations set their own new colour regardless of the previous settings. Interpolating {UN} resets the terminal to its default foreground rendering.
UN is automatically appended at the end of strings produced by the colouring methods rd()..cy(). Be careful to always close with one of these, or explicit {UN}, otherwise all the following output will continue with the last selected colour foreground rendering.
Example from tests/tests.rs:
rust
println!("Memsearch for {BL}{midval}{UN}, found at: {}", vm
.memsearch(midval)
.map_or_else(||"None".rd(),|x| x.gr())
);
memsearch returns Option(None), when midval is not found in vm. Here, None will be printed in red, while any found item will be printed in green. This is also an example of how to process Options without the long-winded match statements.
Sort Index - is obtained by stable merge sort sort_indexed or by hashsort_indexed. The original data is immutable (unchanged). The sort index produced is a list of subscripts to the data, such that the first subscript identifies the smallest item in the data, and so on (in ascending order). Suitable for bulky data that are not easily moved. It answers the question: 'what data item occupies a given sort position?'.
Reversing an index - sort index can be reversed by generic reversal operation revs(), or mutrevs(). This has the effect of changing between ascending/descending sort orders without re-sorting or even reversing the (possibly bulky) actual data.
Rank Index - corresponds to the given data order, listing the sort positions (ranks) for the data items, e.g.the third entry in the rank index gives the rank of the third data item. Some statistical measures require ranks of data. It answers the question: 'what is the sort position of a given data item?'.
Inverting an index - sort index and rank index are mutually inverse. Thus they can be easily switched by invindex(). This is usually the easiest way to obtain a rank index. They will both be equal to 0..n for data that is already in ascending order.
Complement of an index - beware that the standard reversal will not convert directly between ascending and descending ranks. This purpose is served by complindex(). Alternatively, descending ranks can be reconstructed by applying invindex() to a descending sort index.
Unindexing - given a sort index and some data, unindex() will pick the data in the new order defined by the sort index. It can be used to efficiently transform lots of data vectors into the same (fixed) order. For example: Suppose we have vectors: keys and data_1..data_n, not explicitly joined together in some bulky Struct elements. The sort index obtained by: let indx = keys.sort_indexed() can then be efficiently applied to sort the data vectors individually, e.g. indx.unindex(data_n).
Version 1.2.6 - Renamed trait Mutsort to Mutops. Renamed some Vecops methods for naming consistency. Made hashsort easier to use by removing the data range. Added sorth, equivalent to sortm, using hashsort instead of mergesort. Added a test.
Version 1.2.5 - Removed revindex() as its effect was a duplication of generic revs(). Added mutable version mutrevs().
Version 1.2.4 - Clarified some comments and indxvec test in tests/tests.rs.
Version 1.2.3 - Added binsearch_indexed and binsearchdesc_indexed and their tests, for symmetry with memsearch versions which only search for members, whereas binsearch finds order positions for non-members, too.
Version 1.2.2 - Minor test clarification. Expanded the glossary.
Version 1.2.1 - Removed the functions module merge.rs, it has been replaced by traits Vecops and Mutsort. Improved hashsorts. Added some more comments. Added short glossary.
Version 1.2.0 - Changed functions in module merge.rs to trait methods in two new traits: Vecops and Mutsort. Applying trait methods is more idiomatic and easier to read when chained. Narrowed down some trait constraints. Kept the old functions for now for backwards compatibility but they will be removed in the next version to save space.
Version 1.1.9 - Added method to_plainstr() to Printing trait to ease writing plain format to files.
Version 1.1.8 - Added method pvec(self) to Printing trait. It prints Vecs to stdout. Completed all six ANSI terminal primary bold colours. Moved their constants to module printing.rs. Renamed red() to rd() for consistent two letter names. Updated and reorganised readme.
Version 1.1.7 - Added method wvec(self,&mut f) to Printing. It writes vectors to file f and passes up errors. Added colour bl(). Added printing test. Prettier readme.md.
Version 1.1.6 - Added simple partition into three sets (lt,eq,gt).
Version 1.1.5 - Updated dev dependency to ran = "^0.3". Changed partition_indexed to include equal set. Tweaked printing layout.
Version 1.1.4 - Minor change: hashsort min,max arguments type changed from T to f64. This is more convenient for a priori known data range limits. Also to be the same as for hashsort_indexed. Added newindex and minmax_slice functions. Updated readme file.
Version 1.1.3 - hashsort renamed to hashsort_indexed, in keeping with the naming convention here. New plain hashsort added: it sorts &mut[T] in place, just like does the default Rust sort. Suitable for long explicit sorts.
Version 1.1.2 - Added .red() method to Printing. Some tidying up of tests.rs and the docs. hashsort improved.
Version 1.1.0 - Added superfast n-recursive hashsort. Suitable for multithreading (to do).